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Andor Technology pioneered the world’s first scientific EMCCD cameras, shipping the initial cameras back in 2000 and winning the Photonics Circle of Excellence award for our achievements in January 2001. Andor even coined the term ‘Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD)’, which has now been adopted right across this burgeoning industry! Since then, Andor have consistently set higher and higher EMCCD performance standards with our deep-cooled, vacuum-sealed iXonEM & iXonEM+ quantitative camera
range. For example we introduced the first back-illuminated EMCCDs in January 2002, alongside our unique baseline clamp solution for enhanced quantitative performance. Andor’s method for achieving industry-lowest Clock Induced Charge was introduced in early 2003 and our much revered quantitative and linearized EM gain control (RealGain™) was innovated in January 2006.Download High Res PDF (15Mb)
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A note of caution is needed with regard to the gain components in both ICCD (Intensified CCD) and EMCCD (Electron Multiplying CCD) technology. Both the multichannel plate (MCP) of the ICCD and the EM register of the EMCCD suffer from gain ageing effects. Fortunately with due care and attention, on behalf of both camera manufacturer and user, these ultrasensitive platforms can deliver many years of quantitative operation.Download PDF
Since EMCCD technology effectively overcomes readout noise, the remaining instrumental detection limit is set by background electrons that are amplified by the EM gain register. These events are generally manifest as single pixel spikes, amplified clear of the baseline, and are derived from
two sources: Darkcurrent and Clock Induced Charge (CIC), the latter sometimes known as Spurious Noise.Download PDF
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